The Years of Struggle

. Early historical period and reign of the Ottoman Empire (1517-1917)
The territory we now refer to as Palestine was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for a span exceeding 400 years.
During the time of Ottoman governance, the region was mostly populated by Arab Muslims, Christians, and Jews, coexisting peacefully.
. The era of the British Mandate lasted from 1917 to 1948.
In 1917, the Balfour Declaration conveyed British backing for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
After World War I, Palestine was placed under British mandate by the League of Nations in 1922.
The rising tensions between Arab and Jewish communities were fueled by a surge in Jewish immigration and land acquisitions.
. The Arab Revolt that occurred from 1936 to 1939.
The Arab Revolt emerged as a significant uprising opposing British governance and Jewish immigration.
The uprising resulted in considerable losses, while also fostering a stronger sense of national pride among Palestinians.
. The United Nations Partition Plan from the year 1947.
In 1947, the United Nations put forward a partition plan (UN General Assembly Resolution 181) with the aim of dividing Palestine into distinct Arab and Jewish states.
Jewish leaders approved the plan, while Arab leaders and Palestinian Arabs did not accept it.
. The event known as Nakba in 1948.
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War led to the founding of the State of Israel.
More than 700,000 Palestinians were forced to leave their homes, resulting in the establishment of a significant refugee community.
This particular event is commonly referred to as the Nakba, meaning "catastrophe," in the history of Palestine.
. The period following 1948.
The Palestinian population was distributed across Israel, the West Bank (ruled by Jordan), and the Gaza Strip (governed by Egypt).
Palestinian refugees have established their homes in camps located in Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, each grappling with different levels of integration and legal recognition.
. The Palestinian National Movement from 1964 to 1993.
The establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) dates back to 1964 with the aim of serving as the voice of the Palestinian people.
The PLO pursued a combination of armed resistance and diplomatic efforts in the pursuit of Palestinian statehood.
In 1988, the PLO officially announced the establishment of the State of Palestine while in exile.
. Initial Uprising from 1987 to 1993.
The First Intifada emerged as a widespread uprising against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The events encompassed widespread acts of civil disobedience and throwing stones towards Israeli military forces.
The uprising paved the way to the Madrid Conference of 1991, ultimately culminating in the Oslo Accords of 1993.
. The Oslo Accords negotiated and concluded between 1993 and 1995.
The Oslo Accords entailed a sequence of agreements between the PLO and Israel with the objective of attaining a peaceful resolution to the conflict.
The accords were put in place to create the Palestinian Authority (PA) responsible for overseeing certain areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Nevertheless, the accords failed to result in a definitive resolution, resulting in ongoing tensions.
. The Second Intifada took place from 2000 to 2005.
The period of intense conflict that followed the breakdown of peace negotiations is commonly referred to as the Second Intifada or the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
It entailed heightened levels of violence, such as suicide bombings and military interventions.
The conflict led to a significant number of casualties on either side.
. Present Circumstances
The Palestinian struggle persists, marked by continuous negotiations and international endeavors aimed at attaining a two-state resolution.
The West Bank is currently under Israeli military control, while the Palestinian Authority has some degree of self-governance.
Since 2007, Hamas has been governing Gaza, which is currently affected by a blockade imposed by Israel and Egypt.
The standing of Jerusalem, settlements, and refugees continue to be crucial areas of disagreement.
. Global assistance and involvement
The Palestinian cause has garnered backing from a range of nations, along with international bodies.
International organizations such as the United Nations, political NGOs, Activists, and human rights bodies are actively involved in promoting dialogue and offering humanitarian support.
Demands for boycotts, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) are increasingly being recognized as a peaceful form of resistance.
This history emphasizes the intricate and multifaceted essence of the Palestinian struggle, encompassing historical, political, and social aspects.